Phylogeny of the Phalacrocoracidae’
نویسنده
چکیده
I undertook a phylogenetic analysis of the Recent taxa of Phalacrocoracidae using qualitative osteological characters. The family comprises two subfamilies. The Phalacrocoracinae (cormorants) comprise four genera of all-dark, littorine species: Microcarbo (microcormorants), Compsohalieus (marine cormorants), Hypoleucos (mesocormorants), and Phalacrocorax (macrocormorants). The Leucocarboninae (shags) comprise five genera of variably plumaged, littorine, and pelagic species: Leucocarbo (guano shags), Notocarbo (blueeyed shags), Nesocarbo (Campbell Island Shag), Euleucocarbo (New Zealand blue-eyed shags), and Stictocarbo (cliff shags). The relationship of the anhingas (Anhingidae) to the Phalacrocoracidae remains problematical and unresolved. Additional analyses using cranial or postcranial characters produced comparable results, with the greatest divergence obtained when only crania were compared. I discuss the nature of homoplasy in the family: cormorants are characterized by convergences, hags by reversals. Plumage patterns have functional correlates, but phylogenetic history may be the ultimate factor.
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